{"id":1513,"date":"2026-09-15T16:13:51","date_gmt":"2026-09-15T14:13:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/igwildebiene.ch\/les-arguments\/"},"modified":"2026-09-15T16:13:51","modified_gmt":"2026-09-15T14:13:51","slug":"les-arguments","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/igwildebiene.ch\/fr\/les-arguments\/","title":{"rendered":"Apiculture \u2013 moins, c\u2019est mieux : les arguments"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"et_pb_section_0 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_flex_section\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_0 et_pb_row et_flex_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_0 et_pb_column et-last-child et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_24_24 et_flex_column_24_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_1 et_pb_column et-last-child et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_24_24 et_flex_column_24_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\"><div class=\"et_pb_image_0 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/igwildebiene.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Andrena_nitida_female_3_Ruedlingen_2020-04-09_small.jpg\" width=\"1000\" height=\"669\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igwildebiene.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Andrena_nitida_female_3_Ruedlingen_2020-04-09_small.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/igwildebiene.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Andrena_nitida_female_3_Ruedlingen_2020-04-09_small-980x656.jpg 980w, https:\/\/igwildebiene.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Andrena_nitida_female_3_Ruedlingen_2020-04-09_small-480x321.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-206\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_0 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Les acteurs et les mesures en faveur de la diversit\u00e9 des esp\u00e8ces sont nombreux \u2013 un tel engagement est devenu une tendance. L\u2019une des approches populaires et largement accept\u00e9es consiste \u00e0 favoriser les abeilles mellif\u00e8res. Comme toute tendance, celle-ci m\u00e9rite pourtant un regard critique. La question se pose de savoir \u00e0 partir de quand une solution bien intentionn\u00e9e et apparemment verte contribue aux probl\u00e8mes \u00e9cologiques plut\u00f4t que de les r\u00e9soudre.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_1 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em><span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">Photo : Andrena nitida est une abeille sauvage r\u00e9pandue et non sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e. L\u2019image montre un m\u00e2le. (Photo : \u00a9 J\u00fcrg Sommerhalder)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_2 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Promotion des abeilles mellif\u00e8res et perte de biodiversit\u00e9 <\/strong> <br \/>Outre les apiculteurs professionnels, de nombreux particuliers \u00e9l\u00e8vent aujourd\u2019hui des abeilles [1]. Des entreprises <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[2][3][4]<\/span> et des partis politiques <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[5]<\/span> cherchent en outre \u00e0 verdir leur image \u00e0 l\u2019aide de la sympathique abeille mellif\u00e8re et soutiennent donc des projets en sa faveur. La densit\u00e9 d\u2019abeilles mellif\u00e8res augmente ainsi rapidement par endroits et atteint d\u00e9j\u00e0 des valeurs <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[6]<\/span> qui ont clairement le potentiel de perturber l\u2019\u00e9quilibre \u00e9cologique \u2013 et donc de contribuer au recul de la diversit\u00e9 des esp\u00e8ces <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[7] [8]<\/span>. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_3 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Situation de concurrence <\/strong><br \/>Les sp\u00e9cialistes craignent depuis longtemps que les abeilles mellif\u00e8res et sauvages puissent se faire concurrence. De plus en plus d\u2019\u00e9tudes examinent donc les effets de fortes densit\u00e9s d\u2019abeilles mellif\u00e8res sur la faune locale d\u2019abeilles sauvages. De nombreux r\u00e9sultats indiquent clairement qu\u2019une forte densit\u00e9 d\u2019abeilles mellif\u00e8res :<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_4 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><ul>\n<li>conduit \u00e0 une concurrence alimentaire entre abeilles mellif\u00e8res et sauvages <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]<\/span> <\/li>\n<li>\u00e9vince les abeilles sauvages <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[10][11][12][13][20][22][23][24][25][26][27]<\/span><\/li>\n<li>peut r\u00e9duire le nombre et la vigueur de la descendance des abeilles sauvages <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[17][23][24][28][29]<\/span> et<\/li>\n<li>favorise la transmission de maladies des abeilles mellif\u00e8res aux abeilles sauvages <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[19][30][31]<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_5 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Aujourd\u2019hui d\u00e9j\u00e0, pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 des 616 <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[32][33]<\/span> esp\u00e8ces d\u2019abeilles sauvages recens\u00e9es pour la Suisse est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme menac\u00e9e ou \u00e9teinte <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[34]<\/span>. Les cons\u00e9quences \u00e0 long terme de ce recul peuvent \u00eatre extr\u00eamement probl\u00e9matiques : les abeilles sauvages comptent parmi les plus importants pollinisateurs animaux des plantes sauvages et cultiv\u00e9es <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[35][36]<\/span>. Elles font donc partie des esp\u00e8ces cl\u00e9s des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes terrestres et contribuent de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9terminante \u00e0 la diversit\u00e9 des esp\u00e8ces <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[37][52][53]<\/span>. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_6 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Absence de r\u00e9glementation <\/strong><br \/>Certains cantons ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 reconnu le probl\u00e8me que repr\u00e9sentent de fortes densit\u00e9s d\u2019abeilles mellif\u00e8res pour l\u2019environnement. Dans les r\u00e9serves naturelles des cantons de Berne <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[38]<\/span> et de Zurich <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[39]<\/span>, par exemple, l\u2019installation de ruchers n\u2019est plus autoris\u00e9e. Une r\u00e9glementation de ce type pour toute la Suisse se fait toutefois attendre. Et m\u00eame dans ces deux cantons pionniers, les zones tampon n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 une protection efficace font d\u00e9faut : le rayon de vol des abeilles mellif\u00e8res peut atteindre trois kilom\u00e8tres et plus <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[40]<\/span>. Il d\u00e9passe donc nettement le diam\u00e8tre de la plupart des zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es du canton de Zurich ; malgr\u00e9 l\u2019interdiction, celles-ci ne sont donc gu\u00e8re prot\u00e9g\u00e9es dans les faits. <br \/>Les plus fortes densit\u00e9s sont aujourd\u2019hui atteintes dans les villes <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[41]<\/span>. Selon le service v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire cantonal, le nombre de ruchers en ville de Zurich a augment\u00e9 de 80&nbsp;% depuis 2014 <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[42]<\/span>. Zones sans pesticides, riches en structures et en fleurs, les espaces b\u00e2tis constituent des habitats importants et pr\u00e9sentent souvent une diversit\u00e9 d\u2019abeilles sauvages impressionnante. De nombreuses esp\u00e8ces rares et menac\u00e9es peuvent ainsi \u00eatre observ\u00e9es en ville <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[43] [44]<\/span>. Il para\u00eet donc particuli\u00e8rement probl\u00e9matique que l\u2019\u00e9levage d\u2019abeilles mellif\u00e8res ne soit pas davantage r\u00e9glement\u00e9 en milieu urbain que dans les zones classiques abritant une flore et une faune dignes de protection. <br \/>Selon la pratique actuelle, les ruchers et les colonies doivent seulement \u00eatre annonc\u00e9s au service v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire comp\u00e9tent. Celui-ci ne v\u00e9rifie pas d\u2019\u00e9ventuelles restrictions au lieu concern\u00e9. Une r\u00e9glementation selon des crit\u00e8res quantitatifs et qualitatifs fait donc d\u00e9faut <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[44]<\/span>. De plus, l\u2019obligation d\u2019annonce est ignor\u00e9e par certains apiculteurs et n\u2019est pas appliqu\u00e9e par les autorit\u00e9s <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[45]<\/span>. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_7 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Perceptions erron\u00e9es, campagnes trompeuses et manque d\u2019information<\/strong><br \/>La d\u00e9tention d\u2019abeilles mellif\u00e8res est per\u00e7ue comme une mesure en faveur de la biodiversit\u00e9, et aussi comme une contribution importante au maintien de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la pollinisation et de l\u2019approvisionnement alimentaire. De nombreuses \u00e9tudes montrent pourtant que le r\u00f4le des abeilles mellif\u00e8res dans la pollinisation des plantes sauvages et cultiv\u00e9es est le plus souvent surestim\u00e9 <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[46][47][48][49]<\/span>.<br \/> Les rendements agricoles les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s s\u2019obtiennent en effet avec la plus grande diversit\u00e9 possible de pollinisateurs naturels <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[36][47]<\/span>. Une densit\u00e9 trop \u00e9lev\u00e9e d\u2019abeilles mellif\u00e8res a donc aussi un effet contre-productif dans les agro\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes, et donc sur le plan \u00e9conomique <span class=\"igwb-bildlegende\">[50][51]<\/span>. <br \/>Les campagnes en faveur des abeilles mellif\u00e8res qui reposent sur des affirmations scientifiquement insoutenables induisent ainsi le public en erreur, rel\u00e9guent au second plan les mesures efficaces pour la diversit\u00e9 des esp\u00e8ces et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la pollinisation, et immobilisent de pr\u00e9cieuses ressources dans des projets peu utiles. Des efforts d\u2019information timides ou inexistants favorisent cette \u00e9volution. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_8 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Exploiter le potentiel<\/strong><br \/>IG Wilde Biene est convaincue qu\u2019un renversement de tendance vers un environnement de nouveau plus riche en esp\u00e8ces et plus sain est possible, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des informations scientifiquement fond\u00e9es, \u00e0 un travail d\u2019information et \u00e0 des mesures cibl\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_9 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><table border=\"0\">\n<td>\n<div align=\"right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/igwildebiene.ch\/fr\/apiculture-moins-cest-mieux-solutions\/\">Solutions &gt;&gt;<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_accordion_0 et_pb_accordion et_pb_module et_flex_module igwb-accordion\"><div class=\"et_pb_accordion_item_0 et_pb_accordion_item et_pb_toggle et_pb_module et_pb_toggle_open et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">SOURCES<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content et_flex_module\"><p>[1] Charri\u00e8re J.D., Frese S. &amp; Herren P. 2018. 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